Common loon

Gavia immer

The common loon or great northern diver (Gavia immer) is a large member of the loon, or diver, family of birds.

Family: loon Order: Gaviiformes Conservation: Least Concern
Common loon

About the Common loon

The common loon or great northern diver (Gavia immer) is a large member of the loon, or diver, family of birds. Breeding adults have a plumage that includes a broad black head and neck with a greenish, purplish, or bluish sheen, blackish or blackish-grey upperparts, and pure white underparts except some black on the undertail coverts and vent. Non-breeding adults are brownish with a dark neck and head marked with dark grey-brown. Their upperparts are dark brownish-grey with an unclear pattern of squares on the shoulders, and the underparts, lower face, chin, and throat are whitish. The sexes look alike, though males are significantly heavier than females. During the breeding season, loons live on lakes and other waterways in Canada, the northern United States (including Alaska), and southe

Fun Facts About Common loon

  • The United States Forest Service has designated the common loon a species of special status because of threats from habitat loss and toxic metal poisoning in its US range.
  • It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds applies.
  • Fed by both parents, the chicks fledge in 70 to 77 days.
  • Breeding adults have a plumage that includes a broad black head and neck with a greenish, purplish, or bluish sheen, blackish or blackish-grey upperparts, and pure white underparts except some black on the undertail coverts and vent.
  • A single brood is raised each year from a clutch of one or two olive-brown oval eggs with dark brown spots which are incubated for about 28 days by both parents.

Conservation Status

The Common loon is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. This species is currently stable and not at significant risk of population decline.

View on IUCN Red List →

Taxonomy & Classification

OrderGaviiformes
Familyloon
GenusGavia
SpeciesGavia immer

Range & Habitat

Range map of Common loon

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Related Species

Other species in the loon family: